The college application process involves many components you control directly, like your grades, test scores, and personal essays. However, there is one important element that relies on someone else: the letter of recommendation. These letters provide admissions committees with a third-party perspective on your character, academic potential, and readiness for college. A strong, specific letter can significantly enhance your application, while a generic one can be a missed opportunity.

The process of securing these letters can feel awkward or intimidating. You might worry about who to ask, how to ask, or whether you are bothering your teachers. But with a professional, organized, and thoughtful approach, you can navigate this process smoothly and empower your recommenders to write outstanding letters on your behalf.

Who to Ask: Choosing the Right Recommenders

The most effective letters come from people who know you well and can speak to your abilities in a specific context.

For High School Students

Your core academic teachers are the best choice. Aim to select teachers from your junior year, as they have seen your most recent and advanced work. It is wise to choose teachers from different subject areas, such as one from a STEM field (math or science) and one from the humanities (English or history). This provides the admissions committee with a more well-rounded view of your academic talents.

Think about which classes you actively participated in. A teacher who saw you engage in discussions, ask thoughtful questions, and show genuine curiosity will have much more to write about than a teacher in a class where you were a quiet but high-scoring student.

For Transfer Applicants

If you are a transfer applicant, your primary recommenders should be college professors. The same principles apply: choose professors who have seen you engage with challenging material in a small class setting if possible. If you have been out of school for some time and have relevant work experience, a direct supervisor who can speak to your work ethic, problem-solving skills, and maturity can also be a powerful recommender.

When and How to Ask: The Art of the Request

When to Ask

Ask your recommenders at least one month before your first application deadline, and even earlier if possible. The end of your junior year or the very beginning of your senior year is ideal. Teachers are often asked to write many letters, and giving them ample time is a sign of respect that ensures they can dedicate the necessary attention to yours. A rushed request is unlikely to result in a strong letter.

How to Ask

The best approach is to ask in person first, if possible. This shows initiative and respect. After your verbal conversation, follow up with a formal email that contains all the necessary information. This email serves as a written record and a helpful resource for your recommender.

Sample Email Request:

Subject: Letter of Recommendation Request - [Your Name]

Dear Mr. [Teacher's Last Name],

It was a pleasure speaking with you today. As we discussed, I am writing to formally request that you write a letter of recommendation for my college applications. I greatly valued my time in your AP U.S. History class last year, and I believe your perspective on my research and analytical skills would be a significant asset to my application.

My first deadline is November 1st. I have attached a "brag sheet" with my resume, a list of the colleges I am applying to, and some information about my academic interests to provide some context. All of my applications will be submitted through the Common Application, so you will receive an email with instructions for uploading your letter directly.

Please let me know if you would be comfortable writing a strong letter for me. Thank you so much for your time and guidance.

Sincerely,

[Your Name]

Empowering Your Recommenders: The "Brag Sheet"

To write a truly compelling letter, your recommender needs more than their memory of you from class. You should provide them with a concise information packet, often called a "brag sheet." This is not about arrogance; it is about providing helpful context. This packet should include:

  • Your Resume: A one-page summary of your extracurricular activities, work experience, volunteer hours, and any awards or honors you have received.
  • A List of Colleges: Include the schools you are applying to and their deadlines. If you are applying to a specific program at a university, mention that as well.
  • Your Academic Interests: Briefly explain what you intend to major in and why. Connect it to your experience in their class if possible. For example, "Your class sparked my interest in political science, and I hope to study international relations."
  • A Reminder of Your Work: Mention one or two specific assignments or projects from their class that you were proud of. This can jog their memory and give them a concrete example to write about. For instance, "I was particularly proud of the research paper I wrote on the Industrial Revolution, as it allowed me to delve into primary sources."

The FERPA Waiver: To Waive or Not to Waive

When you invite a recommender through an application portal like the Common Application, you will be asked to waive your right to see the letter under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). You should always waive your right.

This may seem counterintuitive, but it signals to both your recommender and the admissions committee that you trust the letter is positive and that it is a confidential, candid assessment. Admissions officers give significantly more weight to confidential letters. Declining to waive your right can be a red flag, suggesting you are not confident in what your recommender will say.

Managing the Process and Following Up

After you have made your initial request and provided your materials, your job is to manage the process professionally without pestering your recommenders. The application portals will show you when a letter has been submitted.

If a deadline is approaching (about one to two weeks away) and the letter has not yet been submitted, it is appropriate to send a single, gentle reminder.

Sample Reminder Email:

Subject: Gentle Reminder: Letter of Recommendation for [Your Name]

Dear Mr. [Teacher's Last Name],

I hope you are having a good week. I am writing to remind you that the deadline for my college application is approaching on November 1st. Please let me know if there is any additional information I can provide.

Thank you again for your support.

Best,

[Your Name]

The Final Step: Expressing Gratitude

Your recommenders have taken their personal time to help you with a crucial part of your future. It is essential to express your sincere gratitude. As soon as you see that their letters have been submitted, send them a thank-you email.

Later, after you have made your final college decision, follow up one last time to let them know where you are headed. Teachers invest in their students and genuinely love to hear about their successes. A small, handwritten thank-you note at the end of the school year is an especially thoughtful gesture that they will greatly appreciate.